220 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
220 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# CKA weak spots
|
|
|
|
_Generated by exam from 9 attempt(s); regenerated on every `end`._
|
|
|
|
## Domain scores (latest full exam, 2026-09-08T19:59, 14.3%)
|
|
|
|
- **ARCH** 12/228 — Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration (25%)
|
|
- **WORK** 1/151 — Workloads & Scheduling (15%)
|
|
- **NET** 0/142 — Services & Networking (20%)
|
|
- **STOR** 0/66 — Storage (10%)
|
|
- **TSHOOT** 2/138 — Troubleshooting (30%)
|
|
|
|
## Drill next (`./exam drill weak`)
|
|
|
|
### Q06 · ARCH · Certificates: expiry check and user CSR (2/3 failed, last 6/6 pts, 2026-09-12T22:17)
|
|
- ✗ CSR jane exists with signer kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client
|
|
- ✗ CSR jane approved and certificate issued
|
|
|
|
### Q13 · NET · Ingress routing (2/3 failed, last 5/5 pts, 2026-09-14T16:49)
|
|
- ✗ ingressClassName nginx and host shop.example.com
|
|
- ✗ /api (Prefix) -> api:8080
|
|
- ✗ / (Prefix) -> web:80
|
|
|
|
### Q15 · STOR · PersistentVolume, claim and pod (3/4 failed, last 6/6 pts, 2026-09-15T20:55)
|
|
- ✗ PV pv-data: 1Gi hostPath /mnt/data, RWO, Retain, class manual
|
|
- ✗ PVC pvc-data Bound to pv-data
|
|
- ✗ data-pod Running with claim mounted at /usr/share/data
|
|
|
|
### Q16 · STOR · Default StorageClass and dynamic provisioning (4/4 failed, last 0/5 pts, 2026-09-16T19:40)
|
|
- ✗ StorageClass fast-local: local-path, WaitForFirstConsumer, Delete
|
|
- ✗ fast-local is default and standard is not
|
|
- ✗ fast-claim picked up fast-local and is Bound
|
|
- ✗ fast-pod Running with claim at /data
|
|
|
|
### Q17 · TSHOOT · Node NotReady (3/4 failed, last 8/8 pts, 2026-09-13T01:06)
|
|
- ✗ kubelet is active
|
|
- ✗ kubelet is enabled (survives reboot)
|
|
|
|
### Q19 · TSHOOT · CrashLoopBackOff diagnosis (4/5 failed, last 6/6 pts, 2026-09-14T16:49)
|
|
- ✗ crasher.log captured and contains the DB_HOST failure
|
|
|
|
### Q25 · WORK · Taints and tolerations (3/4 failed, last 4/4 pts, 2026-09-15T20:55)
|
|
- ✗ cka-sim-worker carries team=finance:NoSchedule
|
|
- ✗ deployment tolerates the taint
|
|
- ✗ both pods Running on cka-sim-worker
|
|
|
|
### Q28 · WORK · Init container prepares content (4/4 failed, last 0/4 pts, 2026-09-16T19:40)
|
|
- ✗ pod Running, init container named setup completed
|
|
- ✗ emptyDir 'content' shared by both containers
|
|
- ✗ nginx serves the init-written content
|
|
|
|
### Q29 · WORK · Immutable ConfigMap rotation (3/4 failed, last 4/4 pts, 2026-09-15T20:55)
|
|
- ✗ deployment now references a different ConfigMap
|
|
- ✗ all pods available and see mode=new
|
|
|
|
### Q30 · NET · Named ports (2/3 failed, last 4/4 pts, 2026-09-14T16:49)
|
|
- ✗ container port 80 named svc-http
|
|
- ✗ Service port 8080 -> targetPort svc-http (by name)
|
|
- ✗ readiness probe uses the named port; endpoints ready
|
|
|
|
### Q33 · ARCH · Aggregated ClusterRole (2/3 failed, last 5/5 pts, 2026-09-14T16:49)
|
|
- ✗ ops-19 has an aggregationRule with the right label
|
|
- ✗ aggregation populated rules from the two labelled roles
|
|
- ✗ sam can list pods and services cluster-wide
|
|
|
|
### Q37 · TSHOOT · Cluster DNS is broken (4/5 failed, last 6/6 pts, 2026-09-14T16:49)
|
|
- ✗ CoreDNS Corefile forwards to the node resolver again
|
|
- ✗ in-cluster and external names resolve from a pod
|
|
|
|
### Q38 · TSHOOT · Deployments never create pods (2/3 failed, last 7/7 pts, 2026-09-13T01:06)
|
|
- ✗ kube-controller-manager manifest repaired and pod Running
|
|
- ✗ a new Deployment gets a ReplicaSet and running pods
|
|
|
|
### Q39 · TSHOOT · kubelet misconfiguration (3/4 failed, last 7/7 pts, 2026-09-14T16:49)
|
|
- ✗ kubelet config points at a CA file that exists
|
|
- ✗ node Ready
|
|
- ✗ kubelet active and enabled
|
|
|
|
### Q40 · ARCH · kubeadm join token (4/4 failed, last 0/5 pts, 2026-09-16T19:40)
|
|
- ✗ join.sh contains a kubeadm join with token and CA hash
|
|
- ✗ the token in the file exists in the cluster with TTL ~24h
|
|
|
|
### Q42 · NET · Egress-only NetworkPolicy (2/3 failed, last 4/4 pts, 2026-09-14T16:49)
|
|
- ✗ applies to app=client-64, Egress only
|
|
- ✗ DNS rule: kube-system namespace + k8s-app=kube-dns, ports 53 UDP and TCP
|
|
- ✗ TCP 443 to 172.16.0.0/16 only
|
|
|
|
### Q106 · ARCH · CRD with validation and defaults (3/3 failed, last 0/7 pts, 2026-09-15T20:55)
|
|
- ✗ CRD exists, Namespaced, replicas has min/max and is required
|
|
- ✗ good created with environment prod
|
|
- ✗ replicas 0 is rejected and the message was saved
|
|
- ✗ defaulting works: defaulted.spec.environment == dev
|
|
|
|
### Q112 · NET · TLS Ingress with a generated certificate (3/3 failed, last 0/7 pts, 2026-09-15T20:55)
|
|
- ✗ Secret portal.lab.local-tls is kubernetes.io/tls with CN portal.lab.local
|
|
- ✗ Ingress web: class nginx, host, TLS secret, ssl-redirect annotation
|
|
- ✗ fp.txt matches the secret's certificate fingerprint
|
|
|
|
### Q115 · STOR · Bind the right local volume (3/3 failed, last 1/6 pts, 2026-09-15T20:55)
|
|
- ✗ PVC uses a selector and is Bound to lv-nvme
|
|
- ✗ consumer Running on the nvme node with /data mounted
|
|
|
|
### Q120 · TSHOOT · Cluster facts, exactly (3/3 failed, last 0/5 pts, 2026-09-15T20:55)
|
|
- ✗ pod-cidr and service-cidr
|
|
- ✗ dns-ip and proxy-mode
|
|
- ✗ cka-sim-worker3 pod CIDR
|
|
|
|
### Q121 · WORK · The context's namespace (3/3 failed, last 1/6 pts, 2026-09-15T20:55)
|
|
- ✗ Deployment ledger-21 in ac-echo (the context's namespace), 2 available, owner=ac
|
|
- ✗ Service ledger-21 port 9000 in the same namespace
|
|
- ✗ ns.txt has the namespace
|
|
|
|
## Attempt matrix
|
|
|
|
| Q | Domain | Title | D1 | E2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 |
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
| 1 | ARCH | RBAC for a deployment bot | 2/6 | · | · | ✓ | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 2 | ARCH | etcd snapshot | · | ✓ | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 3 | ARCH | Kustomize overlay | · | 0/5 | · | · | · | · | ✓ | · | · |
|
|
| 4 | ARCH | CustomResourceDefinition | · | ✓ | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 5 | ARCH | Static pod | 0/5 | · | · | · | · | · | ✓ | · | · |
|
|
| 6 | ARCH | Certificates: expiry check and user CSR | 0/6 | · | · | 3/6 | · | · | ✓ | · | · |
|
|
| 7 | WORK | Rolling update & scaling | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 8 | WORK | Multi-container pod with shared volume | · | 0/4 | · | · | · | · | ✓ | · | · |
|
|
| 9 | WORK | Scheduling with node affinity and resources | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 10 | WORK | ConfigMap and Secret consumption | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 11 | NET | NetworkPolicy | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 12 | NET | NodePort Service | · | 0/4 | · | · | · | · | ✓ | · | · |
|
|
| 13 | NET | Ingress routing | · | 0/5 | · | · | · | · | 0/5 | ✓ | · |
|
|
| 14 | NET | Cluster DNS | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 15 | STOR | PersistentVolume, claim and pod | · | 0/6 | · | · | · | · | 0/6 | 0/6 | ✓ |
|
|
| 16 | STOR | Default StorageClass and dynamic provisioning | · | 0/5 | · | · | · | · | 0/5 | 0/5 | 0/5 |
|
|
| 17 | TSHOOT | Node NotReady | · | 0/8 | · | · | 4/8 | 4/8 | ✓ | · | · |
|
|
| 18 | TSHOOT | Broken deployment and service | · | 0/7 | · | · | · | · | ✓ | · | · |
|
|
| 19 | TSHOOT | CrashLoopBackOff diagnosis | · | 1/6 | · | · | 1/6 | 1/6 | 4/6 | ✓ | · |
|
|
| 20 | TSHOOT | Control plane component failure | · | 0/8 | · | · | · | · | ✓ | · | · |
|
|
| 21 | ARCH | Helm release install and upgrade | · | · | · | ✓ | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 22 | NET | Gateway API HTTPRoute | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 23 | WORK | metrics-server repair and HPA | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 24 | WORK | PriorityClass | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 25 | WORK | Taints and tolerations | · | 0/4 | · | · | · | · | 0/4 | 0/4 | ✓ |
|
|
| 26 | WORK | DaemonSet on every node | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 27 | WORK | CronJob with a manual run | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 28 | WORK | Init container prepares content | · | 0/4 | · | · | · | · | 0/4 | 0/4 | 0/4 |
|
|
| 29 | WORK | Immutable ConfigMap rotation | · | 1/4 | · | · | · | · | 1/4 | 1/4 | ✓ |
|
|
| 30 | NET | Named ports | · | 0/4 | · | · | · | · | 0/4 | ✓ | · |
|
|
| 31 | WORK | Parallel Job | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 32 | WORK | ResourceQuota and LimitRange | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 33 | ARCH | Aggregated ClusterRole | · | 1/5 | · | · | · | · | 1/5 | ✓ | · |
|
|
| 34 | ARCH | Discover a CRD field with kubectl explain | 0/4 | · | · | ✓ | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 35 | STOR | Re-bind a Released PersistentVolume | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 36 | STOR | Data survives the pod | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 37 | TSHOOT | Cluster DNS is broken | · | 1/6 | · | · | 1/6 | 1/6 | 1/6 | ✓ | · |
|
|
| 38 | TSHOOT | Deployments never create pods | · | · | · | · | 0/7 | 0/7 | ✓ | · | · |
|
|
| 39 | TSHOOT | kubelet misconfiguration | · | · | · | · | 4/7 | 4/7 | 0/7 | ✓ | · |
|
|
| 40 | ARCH | kubeadm join token | · | 0/5 | · | · | · | · | 0/5 | 0/5 | 0/5 |
|
|
| 41 | ARCH | Component versions | 0/4 | · | · | ✓ | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 42 | NET | Egress-only NetworkPolicy | · | 0/4 | · | · | · | · | 0/4 | ✓ | · |
|
|
| 43 | NET | Headless and ExternalName services | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 101 | ARCH | Exact RBAC with an existing over-grant | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 102 | ARCH | etcd restore | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 103 | ARCH | Static pod on a relocated manifest path | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 104 | ARCH | User onboarding to a working kubeconfig | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 105 | ARCH | Kustomize with generators and patches | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 106 | ARCH | CRD with validation and defaults | · | · | 0/7 | · | · | · | 0/7 | 0/7 | · |
|
|
| 107 | WORK | Spread, tolerate, prioritise — under a quota | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 108 | WORK | Rollback to a specific revision, then pause | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 109 | WORK | Native sidecar with probes and an exact report | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 110 | WORK | Cluster audit to exact files | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 111 | NET | Zero-trust namespace | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 112 | NET | TLS Ingress with a generated certificate | · | · | 0/7 | · | · | · | 0/7 | 0/7 | · |
|
|
| 113 | NET | Gateway API canary with header match | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 114 | NET | DNS down: three faults | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 115 | STOR | Bind the right local volume | · | · | 1/6 | · | · | · | 1/6 | 1/6 | · |
|
|
| 116 | STOR | Migrate data between claims | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 117 | TSHOOT | Worker node: three things wrong | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 118 | TSHOOT | Two control-plane components down | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 119 | TSHOOT | Application down for four reasons | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 120 | TSHOOT | Cluster facts, exactly | · | · | 0/5 | · | · | · | 0/5 | 0/5 | · |
|
|
| 121 | WORK | The context's namespace | · | · | 1/6 | · | · | · | 1/6 | 1/6 | · |
|
|
| 122 | ARCH | Renew control-plane certificates | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 123 | TSHOOT | Nothing works: kube-apiserver itself is down | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 124 | ARCH | Prepare a node join without shell access to the control plane | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 201 | ARCH | kubeconfig forensics | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 202 | ARCH | Helm chart with CRDs, then a custom resource | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 203 | WORK | Find the controller, then scale it | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 204 | WORK | Which Pods get evicted first | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 205 | ARCH | Kustomize: drop a ConfigMap, add an HPA, override in prod | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 206 | STOR | PV, PVC and a Deployment that mounts it | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 207 | TSHOOT | Resource usage scripts | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 208 | ARCH | Drain a node for maintenance | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 209 | ARCH | Query the API from inside a Pod | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 210 | ARCH | ServiceAccount limited to two resources | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 211 | WORK | DaemonSet on every node | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 212 | WORK | One Pod per node, on purpose | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 213 | NET | Convert an Ingress to Gateway API, then split on a header | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 214 | ARCH | Certificate expiry, two ways | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 215 | NET | Egress policy with paired destinations | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 216 | NET | CoreDNS: back up, extend, verify | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 217 | TSHOOT | Inspect a container with crictl | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 301 | ARCH | etcd configuration facts | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 302 | NET | Service rules on the node | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 303 | NET | A second Service CIDR | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 304 | ARCH | Bound tokens versus legacy tokens | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 305 | WORK | Schedule without the scheduler | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 306 | STOR | Grow a volume in place | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 307 | TSHOOT | Node accepts nothing new | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 308 | ARCH | API resource reference card | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 309 | WORK | A PodDisruptionBudget that blocks maintenance | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 310 | NET | Route to something outside the cluster | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 311 | ARCH | Image inventory across the cluster | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 312 | WORK | A Job that fails, then one that doesn't | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 313 | NET | Two hosts, TLS, and a default backend | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 314 | TSHOOT | A static pod that never starts | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 315 | STOR | Keep the data when the claim goes | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 316 | ARCH | Plan a control-plane upgrade | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
| 317 | TSHOOT | Certificates stop being issued | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
|
|
|
|
_E = full exam, D = drill, · = not in that session, n/m = partial credit._
|