kind load docker-image shells out to the docker CLI internally
regardless of KIND_EXPERIMENTAL_PROVIDER, so it can't see images that
only exist in podman's store and fails when the docker socket isn't
reachable. Save each image with podman save and load the tar via
kind load image-archive, which is runtime-agnostic.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Close two of the four CKA-relevant gaps identified against Killercoda's
scenario catalog:
- Q123 (TSHOOT, hard): kube-apiserver itself crash-loops on a static-pod
manifest typo, same pattern as the existing scheduler/controller-manager
failures (Q20/Q118) but with the added twist that kubectl is completely
unusable until it's fixed, forcing node-level diagnosis (crictl,
journalctl).
- Q124 (ARCH, hard): produce a real node-join handoff file by
independently computing the CA discovery hash kubeadm join verifies
against, and finding the API server's actual in-cluster address rather
than the local kubeconfig's port-forwarded one.
Cluster-upgrade and operator-authoring remain unimplemented and are
documented as genuine infrastructure gaps in CKA_SOLUTIONS_EXPLAINED.md
(kind's node images have no apt-installable multi-version kubelet/kubeadm,
and operator authoring needs a real built/pushed image) rather than faked.
Also updates the Killercoda cross-reference table with the gaps closed,
and logs an ended drill session to history-cka.jsonl/weak-spots-cka.md.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Expand every entry with a concept section explaining the underlying
mechanism, exact commands/YAML pulled from tracks/cka/solutions.py,
and gotchas tied to what each question's grader checks actually
verify. Doc grows from ~750 to ~1540 lines.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Filled six gaps in the solutions guide (Helm, Kustomize generators,
CRD validation, cluster audit, Gateway API canary, context namespace)
so every question id in the bank (1-43, 101-122) has a section.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The Q02/Q102 seeds tried to copy etcdctl out of the running etcd pod with
`kubectl exec -- cat`, which cannot work: registry.k8s.io/etcd is distroless
(no cat, no sh, no tar). The copy failed, stderr went to /dev/null and seeding
still printed a green tick, so the snapshot task had no etcdctl on the node.
Q102 was worse: it also ran `exec -- sh -c 'etcdctl ... snapshot save'` inside
that container, so its /opt/cka/backup.db was never created at all.
- etcd-tools.sh installs both binaries on the control-plane node, taking them
from the etcd image already in the node's containerd (offline, exactly the
server version), falling back to the upstream release tarball, then apt.
- setup.sh runs it at bootstrap; ensure_etcd_tools in the exam prelude installs
them through CKA_NODE_ACCESS when a task is seeded, so ssh/vagrant clusters
get them too, and both etcd setups now fail with a reason instead of hiding it.
- Q102 takes its snapshot with the node's etcdctl; Q02 no longer documents a
kubectl cp fallback that cannot work on a distroless image.
Co-authored-by: Junie <junie@jetbrains.com>
